Motherhood And Denial Of Female Perversion Social Work Essay Essays

Motherhood And Denial Of Female Perversion Social Work Essay Essays Motherhood And Denial Of Female Perversion Social Work Essay Essay Motherhood And Denial Of Female Perversion Social Work Essay Essay The idealization of maternity can take to the denial of female perversion. Pulling upon illustrations, critically measure this statement in relation to violent female parents. Pregnancy and maternity is a important portion of adult females s lives. In fact, maternity is a privilege that lone adult females can see. However, non all adult females experience fortunate about going female parents. Knowles and Cole ( 1990 ) suggest that there is an increasing figure of instances wherein soon-to-be female parents are non happy about their gestation either because of their current matrimonial relationship, the biological male parent of the kid is non mature plenty to supply emotional and fiscal assistance, or merely because they have negative past experiences such as being sexually or physically abused by their ain parents, brothers, or relations ( Knowles and Cole 1990 ) . Due to the high grade of down pregnant adult females and female parents, the figure of female p erversion besides increases. Discoursing how negative experiences or familial factors could take to female perversion is critical in footings of a better apprehension of this subject. Therefore, this paper will place important factors that could trip female perversion after discoursing the construct of female perversion. In relation to violent female parents, the thought that idealisation of maternity can take to denial of female perversion will be critically evaluated. As portion of traveling through the chief treatment, real-life illustrations will be provided in inside informations. Prior to decision, recommended ways on how we could efficaciously equilibrate female perversion related to mental unwellness and legal justness will besides be explained. Sexual maltreatment towards kids or the act of bring downing injury towards her ain organic structure or the kid s organic structure is considered as female perversion in the sense that sexually mistreating her ain kids, bring downing injury towards one s ain organic structure or her kid s organic structure is rather the antonym of the true image of maternity and muliebrity. Welldon ( 1991 ) argues that female perversion is normally expressed by bring downing suicidal harm caused by biological or hormonal upsets that typically affects their generative significance ( Welldon, 1991 ) . Unlike male perversion, research workers highlight that female perversion purposes at doing bodily injury against their ain organic structure or against the objects that they created, including their babes ( Welldon, 1991 ; Springer-Kremser et Al. 2003 ) . Motz ( 2001 ) acknowledges that there are many ways in which female perversion could do physical injury towards her ain organic structure. Since perve rse adult females place their ain organic structure as their female parents organic structure, perverse adult females are capable of assailing their ain organic structure through self-mutilation or self-starvation ( Motz, 2001 ) . Other marks of perverse behavior include, the act of exhibitionism wherein the adult female shows off her organic structure as a manner of demoing her active sex life and pleasance they receive during reproduction and sexual promiscuousness. In the instance of perverse female parents, Banning ( 1989 ) besides suggests that they attack their ain kids as a manner of showing their violent retaliation ( Banning, 1989 ) . Assorted research workers note that perverse female parents are frequently guilty of parent induced unwellness, infanticide, improper abortion, and hiding a birth ( Fraser, 2008 ; Spinelli 2004 ; Tekell, 2001 ) . Fraser ( 2008 ) argues that perversion of maternity refers to rear induced unwellness to a kid, which might be caused either straight or indirectly of a kid s biological female parent, where female parent purposefully maintain the unwellness in order to keep an image of the ideal maternity. Writer farther notes that such attention giving and idealization of a maternity function produces a female parent a sense of ego satisfaction which frequently compensates her ain childhood losingss and depresses painful memories of the yesteryear. Researcher suggests that adult females and work forces care developments understand otherwise: men-develop in signifier of separation, while women- in relation to , where fond regards to others allow adult females to develop a sense of authorization and better ego cognition. In relation to perverse female parents, as Fraser ( 2008 ) notes, health of a kid is frequently greeted as menace of maternity, a loss of individuality as health professional and i deal female parent ( Fraser, 2008 ) . Spinelli ( 2005 ) suggests that infanticide instances normally occurs when the female parent abandon their baby in out-of-door topographic points in order him or her to decease from hypothermia, carnal onslaught, hungriness, or desiccation ( Spinelli, 2005 ) . In some instances, as Spinelli ( 2004 ) high spots, infanticide can besides happen by deliberately smothering the baby utilizing a pillow or submerging the baby in a bathing tub ( Spinelli, 2004 ) . Spinelli ( 2004 ) and Tekell ( 2001 ) argue that regardless of whether maternal infanticide instances happened because of postpartum mental unwellness or psychosis, schizophrenic disorder, or strictly because of disregard on the portion of the female parent or carer, infanticide outside the construct of mental unwellness is clearly a offense under the jurisprudence ( Spinelli, 2004 ; Tekell,2001 ) . Postpartum mental unwellness or psychosis is a sort of mental unwellness that can happen because of excessively much blood flow that passes through the encephalon ( Meyer et al, 1999 ; Cox, 1988 ) . In some instances, as Lambie ( 2001 ) high spots, the pattern of lactation could go a justification for mental perturbations among female parents who has merely given birth to a babe ( Lambie, 2001 ) . Fraser ( 2008 ) besides argues that biological and hormonal instabilities cause important alterations in the temper such as agitation, craze, and psychotic beliefs on the portion of the female parents ( Fraser, 2008 ) . Aside from biological or hormonal upsets, other common factors that can bring forth female perversion, as research workers suggest, include the early exposure to maternal maltreatment and disregard, alcohol addiction, the usage of illegal drugs, and stress related to socio-economic jobs ( Barnett, 2006 ; Motz, 2001 ) . Peter ( 2008 ) suggests that when an stripling miss is physically or sexually abused or neglected in the yesteryear, the hereafter relationship of the abused might take to confusion between the appropriate and inappropriate sexual activity, particularly if the relationship is an opprobrious 1. Since the negative experience with adult male could farther damage her self-image and cognitive operation, the victim s ability to go adept female parent could besides be negatively affected ( Peter, 2008 ) . Barnett ( 2006 ) besides notes that early childhood experiences for a immature miss who failed to have emotional support from female parents and male parents would turn up feeling devastated about her life. Because of their strong desire to arise, some adult females may stop up going unwed female parents merely to turn out their muliebrity or their ability to go more superior to another individual in this instance, their ain kids ( Barnett,2006 ) . In line with this, other surveies, Barne tt ( 2006 ) and Welldon ( 1991 ) , highlight that immature misss who were sexually abused or emotionally deprived by their female parents frequently end up every bit cocottes as a manner of retaliation. Writers besides suggest that such female parents with psychological instability will deliberately bring down physical injury on their kids ( Barnett, 2006 ; Welldon, 1991 ) . Welldon ( 1991 ) besides explains that perverse female parents can either be as facilitators person who is capable of accommodating to the kid s demands ; or as regulators the type of female parent who anticipate that their kid is capable of accommodating to their ain demands, which the 2nd type taking more to physical maltreatment of kids ( Welldon, 1991 ) . Society in general perceives female parents as function theoretical accounts to their kids, loving, fostering. As portion of being a function theoretical account, perfect female parents should forbear from the usage of illegal substances, intoxicant and smoke dependences. Aside from educating and fostering their kids to go unsloped citizens, ideal female parents are expected to do their kids happy and confident by transfusing merely acceptable values in their heads. In other words, the functions of ideal female parents are non limited in feeding their kids but besides to do them experience that they are loved by non being selfish. Every adult female, on the other manus, desires to be accepted socially as a good female parent. In line with the strong desire to be accepted in society, the act of idealising maternity may take to denial of female perversion. As it was highlighted before, perverse female parents are capable of sexually mistreating or physically harming their ain kids due of their negative childhood experiences. By purely idealising the construct of maternity in society, there is a strong potency for perverse female parents that they will deny take parting in any signifiers of such actions. As mentioned in the old statement, assorted research workers suggest that female perversion can be noted when there is alarmingly disturbed relationship between the female parent and her baby, female parent and boy, or female parent and girl ( Peter, 2008 ; Hetherton, 1999 ; Banning, 1989 ) . In line with this, adult females who have been neglected or deprived of love in the yesteryear or were sexually abused, could do them capable of sexually mistreating their ain kids. Although the possibility wherein perverse female parents could sexually mistreat their kids is high, Motz ( 2001 ) high spots that these types of instances are frequently under-reported because of the complex relationship or emotional bond that is present between female parents and kids and common thoughts about maternity in society. Due to absence of significant groundss, it would be hard to turn out that a perverse female parent is really penalizing their kids physically or sexually particularly when the kid is exc essively immature to speak and support themselves against their opprobrious female parents ( Motz, 2001 ) . As a portion of idealising maternity and muliebrity, the thought wherein perverse female parents are mistreating their ain kids physically or sexually is wholly non acceptable within our society, cause female parents in general are seen as lovingness, loving and fostering. Harmonizing to Cavaglion ( 2008 ) cultural perceptual experiences of maternity dramas a critical function in society and suggests that society stereotypes female parents who kill, because they deviate from normal moral criterions of behavior. Writer farther notes that such female parents are portrayed frequently as mad, insane and victims, and claims that society sees their Acts of the Apostless of permeation influenced by mental upsets and as a consequence of male force against them. Such female parents in community eyes, as research worker concludes, hence can non be held accountable for their aberrant act ions ( Cavaglion, 2008 ) . As a consequence of idealising maternity and muliebrity, there is a strong possibility wherein perverse adult females are more likely to deny their act of perversion in order to protect themselves from being stigmatized, humiliated and judged by the populace as mad, irresponsible, immoral, and/or cruel female parents. For this ground, Hetherton ( 1999 ) and Banning ( 1989 ) argue that idealisation of adult females could ensue to more under-reported instances particularly with respects to condemnable issues wherein female culprits would sexually mistreat their kids ( Hetherton, 1999 ; Banning, 1989 ) . Researchers findings suggest that adult females s yesteryear and unsolved experiences of being sexually abused during her childhood yearss can do them vulnerable to lower status composite which makes her an easy victim of opprobrious work forces ( Springer-Kremser et al. 2003 ) . In line with this, a compelling illustration is drawn by Motz ( 2001 ) where a perverse female parent wherein becomes as an accoutrement of sexually mistreating her ain kids, when the hubby coerced the married woman to promote 7 and 10 year-olds, sexually abused victims, to masturbate the hubby while the married woman was taking images ( Motz, 2001 ) . We can propose that in instance these two kids refused to take part in the sexual activity with the male parent, either the female parent or the male parent, would physically harm the kids for noncompliance. There is besides a strong inclination for both parents to endanger these kids non to state other people about the sexual activity that happened between th em. Given that the community purely idealizes the construct of maternity, perverse female parents will continuously deny their willingness to mistreat their kids physically or sexually as a agency of protecting themselves from going involved in kid maltreatment instances. Based on the given illustration, it is possible on the portion of the perverse female parent to claim that it was the hubby who made her encourage kids to execute illicit sexual activities with the twosome. For this ground, we may propose, it is the hubby who is more likely to confront the legal effects or requital for prosecuting kids to take part in illegal sexual activities as compared to the perverse female parent. Harmonizing to Welldon ( 1991 ) , perversion in maternity is possible when society denies mother s perversion and idealises being a female parent. Author besides argues that due to sexual or societal political relations, some adult females are non treated as human existences, because they were non bo rn as work forces. By non leting adult females to experience as human existences, there is a greater opportunity wherein of emotional instability taking female parent to ensue in perverse maternity ( Welldon, 1991 ) . Sing the instances of maternal infanticide, Lambie ( 2001 ) explained that the jurisprudence in UK has a typical statute law with respects to the act of killing babies and immature kids by their ain female parents. In line with this, adult females who are proved victims of biological or hormonal perturbation caused by immatureness or unfavorable fortunes such as colza instances are qualified for settled jurisprudence. For this ground, adult females who are guilty of maternal infanticide are free from the decease punishment. Under the Infanticide legislative act of 1922 and 1938, female parents who are guilty of killing their baby or kids because of postpartum mental unwellnesss or psychosis are exempted from capital penalty related to slaying. Author farther acknowledge us the legal charges that are most likely to be imposed on the accused female parents will be reduced to manslaughter provided that there is adequate biological grounds to turn out that the accused female parents are traveling through postpartum-related mental upset. Alternatively of directing the accused female parents to prison, perverse female parents who happened to be convicted of killing their babies due to post-partum syndromes are mandated to set about hospitalization for necessary interventions ( Lambie, 2001 ) . In relation to the instance of maternal infanticide, Card ( 2002 ) explained that evil actions can be classified as either unbearable injury or blameworthy error ( Card, 2002:4 ) . Since scruples plays a important factor which enables us to move righteous workss and avoid those that are evil, each individual should be free from mental unwellnesss when judging whether a human activity is morally inculpable or evil ( Card, 2002 ) . Card ( 2002 ) suggest that those adult females who are enduring from postnatal mental unwellness or psychosis, should non be classified as perverse female merely because they are non mentally capable of finding what is right from incorrect at the c lip they had committed a offense. Infanticide caused by postpartum mental unwellness and psychosis should neer be considered as an knowing offense. For this ground, the degree of legal penalty imposed on postpartum female parents who are accused of infanticide should be different from perverse female parents who are guilty of deliberately bring downing physical or sexual injury on their kids ( Card, 2002 ) . West and Lichtenstein ( 2006 ) besides draw a ample illustration of criminalisation of Andrea Yates instance that drowned her five kids in the bathing tub and was ab initio positive for capital slaying, which subsequently on was found guilty of insanity and finally was moved to province mental infirmary. Writers argue that society s myths and perceptual experiences about perfect maternity play a dominant function in adult females s lives and stigmatise those whose behavior is unnatural and aberrant. Aside from tabu and stigma, society besides do non take into history the functio n of adult females s day-to-day activities, which as writers argue, lead to dual displacement both at place and at work which frequently result in emotional and physical emphasis and could intensify to slay of a kid ( West and Lichtenstein 2006 ) . Although it is possible that the act of idealising maternity could take to denial of female perversion, it is by no uncertainty that justness will ever predominate. Even though perverse female parents are capable of denying the act of harming their kids physically or sexually, the local governments can still garner concrete groundss from the victims of kid maltreatment in order to convict preserve female parents who are guilty of perpetrating a offense. Perverse female parents may continuously deny their act of female perversion, as in Andrea Yates instance due to delusional ideas about Satan, but they are non free from being lawfully punished for their socially unacceptable behavior. Lambie ( 2001 ) suggests that when maternal infanticide is classified by head-shrinkers as a signifier of postpartum mental unwellness or psychosis, suspected female parents who are positive for postnatal mental unwellness or psychosis should be given the right to have psychiatric intervention ( Lambie, 2001 ) . In line with this, Spinelli ( 2004 ) extremely recommended the demand to do usage of formal DSM-IV diagnostic standards when size uping a suspected female parent for killing her baby and make up ones minding for the degree of penalty to be imposed on mentally sick individual ( Spinelli,2004 ) . Sing the fact, as Hetherton ( 1999 ) high spots, that idealisation of adult females could ensue to more under-reported instances particularly with respects to condemnable issues wherein female culprits would sexually mistreat a kid, criminologists together with the aid of societal workers and school instructors should continuously educate kids refering ways on how they can protect them selves from opprobrious parents including issues related to perverse female parents. By learning the victims of sexually and physically opprobrious parents on how they can describe such instances to the governments, the figure of victimization caused by perverse adult females may more likely to diminish over clip ( Hetherton, 1999 ) . Barnett ( 2006 ) and Motz ( 2001 ) , as noted antecedently, suggest that the factors which can trip female perversion include hormonal instabilities doing mental unwellness, the early exposure to maternal maltreatment and disregard, alcohol addiction, the usage of illegal drugs, and stress related to socio-economic jobs ( Barnett,2006 ; Motz, 2001 ) . For these grounds, the sort of penalty imposed on adult females who are convicted of slaying their kids varies on instance to instance footing. Wilczynski ( 1997 ) notes that, unlike work forces, the cosmopolitan feature of ideal adult females is inactive by nature and any masculine behavior, such as aggression, psychological and physiological maltreatment is frequently seen as unnatural- adult females are incapable to move in such ways. Since the populace s perceptual experience of adult females is characterized by muliebrity, there is a lesser opportunity wherein perverse adult females and female parents will be accused of bring downi ng physical and emotional injury on their kids. This is one of the chief grounds why it has been a common legal pattern in the United Kingdom that adult females who are found guilty of killing their ain kids are most likely to have lesser penalty as compared to work forces ( Wilczynski, 1997 ) . Up to the present clip, there is the ongoing state of affairs wherein perverse adult females and female parents are sexually mistreating both male and female kids. Since the instances of female culprits are frequently left unreported due to common myths and beliefs that female parents can non harm their kids and considered by society and statistics as rare, there is a hazard that the figure of perverse female and female parents who are on the loose will continuously mistreat kids either sexually or physically ( Peter, 2008 ) . As Raitt and Zeedyk ( 2004 ) suggest there is an highly thin line that separates guiltless adult females from perverse adult females who are guilty of slaying or physi cally harming their ain kids. Sing the fact that idealisation of maternity can enable perverse adult females and female parents who has merely given birth to a kid to misdirect the governments by moving similar to female parents with postnatal mental upsets, criminologists should take it as a challenge to concentrate on finding the truth by garnering concrete groundss that will turn out whether or non perverse adult females or perverse female parents are guilty of a offense. To forestall false accusals or incorrect judgement, it is necessary on the portion of criminologists to do usage of medicine intercession such as necropsy in order to find whether the decease of an baby was purpose or simply caused by unaccountable infant decease syndrome ( Raitt and Zeedyk 2004 ) .

Mirrors by Lucy Grealy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mirrors by Lucy Grealy - Essay Example While she was 9 years, Grealy suffered jaw cancer therefore forcing a part of her right side jaw to be removed. She underwent 30 surgeries as a way of reconstructing her face and so in her story mirror, she talks about the perceptions and obsessions people have of beauty which demonstrates how the society at large is. She had the belief that if the surgeries would eventually fully reconstruct her face, she could be happy as she would be a normal person just like the rest of the world. In an article written by Michelle Wittle inside the mind of a writer she talks about Grealy’s article. Wittle talks positively about the manner in which Grealy’s article is talking about the challenges people go though in their day to day life as a result of their self image. She puts emphasis on the way people define the lives they live in terms of what they see in the mirror. Wittle is proud of the way Grealy at last is able to face her worst fears and looks in the mirror seeing positive things. â€Å"I am a big victim of this theory† (Wittle, 2010). Wittle can relate to Grealy’s story as she herself has let other people define her according to her looks; or how she should live her life just because they say so. She therefore does not condemn Grealy because of the fears she faced with her self image. She compares herself to Grealy by saying that she herself has learnt of how to soul-search herself and live her life instead of living the way others want to â€Å"Like Grealy, I am learning to look at myself on the inside† (Wittle 2010).

Meditations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Meditations - Essay Example This is after the book was circulated for a collection of objection upon which he provided his replies. Most of the people who read the meditations did not agree with some of the philosophical theories built by Descartes. Therefore, this brings about some kind of disagreement between Descartes and one or more objectives that he raises. As such, these objections and replies will be evaluated to gauge their adequacy. Descartes wrote the meditations to show that he had previously been mistaken in relation to things that he had initially thought to be certain. He, therefore, makes a decision to sweep away all of the perception that he had built in the past by constructing his knowledge from ground upwards. In turn, the only ideas that he was to accept as true were those that had been confirmed to be absolutely certain. It is his senses that helped him to get all that he had thought previously. Although his senses can also be deceiving, it only happens for tiny objects or those that are f ar away. He ultimately realizes that he cannot cast any doubt upon his own existence (Garber, 2003). Position of Descartes in the Meditations In the Meditations Descartes provides a means for first philosophy hence the beginning of modern day philosophy. From the book, he starts by attempting to doubt everything. He also builds up from those things that are likely to be known with certainty. He bases his first mediation on skeptical doubts by defining knowledge in terms of doubt. With this, he makes a distinction between rigorous knowledge or scientia and the other lesser grades of convictions or persuasio. He makes a clear distinction between the human soul and body. In this, he demonstrates the existence of God and the immortality of the soul and questions how certain knowledge is. As such, his position is that people should establish what is likely to be known for sure. In order to make out what is claimed in the sciences and form a firm structure from them, it is important to ma ke a new foundation. This is because of the way he connects with the development of knowledge from the senses. This kind of information is what should be taken as true and certain (Garber, 2003). It is thus important to have a clear and distinct perception in order to secure knowledge. He thus develops a new state of mind conception by stating that the mental states are similar to what it represents. Therefore, the subject of the objections is that there should be no belief in things that are absolutely certain. In particular, the objection being made is that people only think about things that know the mind in a clear and distinct way. He claims that senses are not the source of knowledge but a means through which individuals practically move through the world. This makes the mind of human beings sufficient enough to know God. However, the reply to this objective is that people must work hard to understand their bodies. It is because the mind and body are extremely distinct and hav e nothing in common. With this, there must be the presence of doubt to gain more knowledge (Descartes, 1993). In my opinion, this reply is highly adequate because it appears to take a rational stance. It brings out the two truths that show the philosophical evidence on the existence of God, as opposed to the authority of scriptures. First Meditation: What can be called to doubt: the reliability of senses For the first meditation by Descartes which is about the reliability of the senses, he claims that the human is a complete form of spirituality. According to

The Current Status of Women in Middle East Countries Essay Example for Free

The Current Status of Women in Middle East Countries Essay Part I: Reasons why women are reaching a stagnant point in the Arab countries and how this could possibly change:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to feminists, the current status of women in Middle East countries is strongly attributed to state policies.   Scholarly information from studies conducted on the status of Middle East women have indicated that the changes that have taken place in the legal status of women and in their social placement in society have very much been determined by the changes taking place in political constitution of various states and regimes. The status of women and gender relations have also been equally determined by other factors like class structure, economic and demographic characteristic Religion can also not be ruled out as it has tremendous influence on the system of governance in many countries in this region.   Revolutionary projects carried out in Iran and Afghanistan but which did not yield good results act as a clear guideline on the status of women in Arab countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The societies in the Arab world are predominantly patriarchal.   The role of a woman as wife and mother is still held with a lot of esteem in these societies.   Women are reproducers, educators of children and socialisers whereby they are responsible for implementing societal and cultural values in the young ones. These societies are also predominantly Islamic, a religion that still holds the family as the most fundamental unit of society and places greet responsibility on women about raising devout Muslims as well as transmitting cultural values.   Child bearing is therefore the central labor activity for the females while the men are responsible for the general upkeep of the family.   The place of the woman in a Muslim society therefore remains the home and the activities surrounding it. Muslim family law also gives the male members of the society extensive control over key decisions affecting the life of the women under their control for example in issues concerning marriage, education, business and mobility. Women in the Arab countries are still subjected to some form of subordination to the males and restrictive codes of behavior that govern their lives. There is sex segregation towards women and family honor is closely associated with female virtue.   As a result any attempts to change family virtues or the family structure has often met with a lot of resistance in the Arab world especially from revolutionary groups that have been operating under the concept of defending Islam such as the Taliban in Afghanistan.   Tribal-Islamist opposition groups also play a major role in opposing any attempts to change the status of women in these societies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Arab countries, marriage is still predominantly an agreement between families rather than between two individuals who hold equal rights in society. A husband has absolute rights over his wife’s body and such issues as marital rape are not recognized. Women are therefore still under male control and any attempt to achieve in their social status is viewed as resistance to made dominance.   The community has tremendous influence over a woman’s life in Arab countries a factor that can be seen in the societies refusal to do away with the veil even at a time when civilization has advanced in these countries.   As a result, the veil has widely been viewed as a civilizational threat to the position of the modern woman in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wars that characterize several Arab nations have also been a threat to the status of women.   This is because even after their husbands have been recruited and probably died in war, women especially in the poor backgrounds cannot freely venture out to fed for their families and they still have to rely on male members of the family such as the older sons. This has subjected the women and their children to a lot of unnecessary suffering. There has also been a tendency in these nations to limit the political exposure of women, a factor that has resulted from the concept of male dominance in these societies.   In such a way, it has been difficult for women to push for change as society still holds views that their position should be in the house.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A lot can be done to assist the women and improve their status in society.   Women for example should be given freedom in education.  Ã‚   This is because modernization demands more labor in high profile jobs. Wars should be a great lesson and women should be given a chance of being economically stable to avoid desperate situations in the event of the death of the family’s breadwinner during war.   Education will also give women better chances of employment and produce women who are able to strongly advocate for change in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because family law in Arab nations greatly determines state and legal policies relating to gender and family matters,   perhaps these laws should be reviewed to give the women more influence in the family and society.   Various Arab governments should also give attention to demands by women on the improvement of their political, civil and social rights. Part II: Authoritative governments and the rise of fundamental Muslim groups   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Arab world, the main religion is predominantly Islam, a religion that has played a major role in determining the political, social and civil structures in these nations. Religious and state matters are intertwined in such a way that it becomes difficult to make a clear distinction between the two. Islamic law applies to every aspect of life in the Arab nations ranging from matters related to everyday life, to state matters such as the system of governance and even foreign relations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With modernization, the Muslim world has come into contact with the Western world, an aspect that has led to mixed reactions in different Arab nations. This is as a result of the major economic, political and social-cultural developments that have resulted from this type of contact. In most of the Muslim countries the political systems are based on Islamic laws derived from the Quran and this has resulted in the concept of Islamic States through which Arab countries want to exert their influence and change the Western culture to conform to Islamic way of life. There has also been widespread resistance to Western influence and these factors have led to the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. A strive has risen among the Arabs between those who feel that Islam should determine the political culture of the Arab nations and those who prefer secular governments that have institutions modeled on Western governments. Islamic fundamentalist feel that Arab governments have established state constitutions that are too compliant with other religions or doctrines. It is therefore the ultimate goal of Islamic political fundamentalists to overthrow these secular states in a bid to achieve national dominance in the political system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Islamic fundamentalist movements have been modeled upon the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt began in 1928 that provided such movements with directives on the way forward in achieving political dominance through the implementation of the Sharia law. Even though composed of a minority of Muslims, Islamic fundamentalists have had varied political achievements in various nations. Good examples of such groups are the Wahhabi in Saudi Arabia and the Taliban in Afghanistan where strict Islamic law has been used to eradicate any form of Western influence. In Sudan, the efforts by the Muslim brotherhood to uphold Sharia law since independence in that nation in 1956 has led to a long civil war between the Islamic North and the Christain south.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood captures 20 percent of the seats in civic elections held in the later part of 2005. Turkey is ruled by an Islamist party that appears to accommodate democratic ideals. But since the September 11 attacks in the United States, growing concern has risen within the international community over the current situation in the Arab countries regarding religious reform and the prospect of Islamist fundamentalists having a share in political power. This is because of extremist groups that have resulted to terrorism as a means of achieving their goals. A good number of the countries in the Middle East are governed by autocratic regimes opposed to these Islamist movements. An attempt by such groups to gain political power has often been suppressed by denying them a popular vote in the governments and by exercising brutality against their leaders and followers. This is because of the tendency by these groups to result to violence as a means of airing their grievances and achieving their goals. Such violence has led to abduction of Western hostages, bomb attacks on the US Embassies in countries like Kenya and Tanzania and the September 11 attack in the US.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Islamic fundamentalists   originally aimed at achieving political goals through peaceful means but the refusal of Islamic governments to recognize their existence and the attempt to suppress these movements is what may have led to the emergence of extremist groups. The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt has however maintained peaceful means in dealing with the government an aspect that has helped the movement to rise into a political party with a strong following. The future of such groups is however threatened by the fight against terrorism and whether they will achieve in maintaining strict Muslim states is yet to be determined by the course that political events in the Arab world will take and the relations between these Arab nations and the West. Part III The lack of unification between the Arab countries has its benefits in regards to Preservation of culture but it is a hindrance to their potential political force Culture in any community plays a role of utmost importance particularly in preserving the identity of any community. Like everywhere else in the world, the movement of people in and out of the Muslim world has increased cultural integration. Colonial occupation in the Arab countries served to expand these cultural influences bringing in the process of westernization. However the Arab countries have more than any other group of nations succeeded in keeping both external and internal influences at minimal levels. These countries have thus managed to retain their individual cultures to large extent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From Egypt to Syria, the rise of Arabism was largely as a result of resistance to the colonial occupation mainly the British occupation. This growing force promised to unite Arab nations on the principles of nationalism as well as religion of Islam. This resulted in the expansion of state, missionary and private education (Moaddel, M., 53). However the cultural distance between the components of the Arab world would not allow for significant integration. This has to this day served to retain the cultural composition of the member countries. The lack of unity in the Arab countries has therefore served to preserve culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The biggest loss that is as a result of this disunity is however the loss of political forces that would have defined the Arab countries as a force to be reckoned with. The leadership’s radical difference in ideologies has made any meaningful integration difficult. A phenomenon akin to divide and rule has therefore been employed repeatedly by the western powers to further influence the political direction in the Arab World. This has worked against the region since it still remains on the shadows when political force is called for in order to change direction of the world.       Works Cited: Are Knusden. Political Islam in the Middle East R 2003:3 Chr. Michelsen Institute Development Studies and Human Rights Moaddel, Mansoor. Islamic Modernism, Nationalism and Fundamentalism. Chicago. University of Chicago Press.

Odyssey Essay -- essays research papers

The Odyssey is an epic composed by Homer, an early Greek storyteller. This epic was the basis for Greek and Roman education. Epics are long poems marked by adventure. The main character in an epic is an epic hero. The epic hero is a figure of great stature and may be a character from history or legend. Epic heroes’ most remarkable traits are usually the ones most valued by the society from which the epic came. The main character in this epic is Odysseus. Odysseus is on a quest to find his home after a war. Odysseus is an epic hero. An epic hero exhibits great leadership qualities. One of these qualities is having aplomb in critical times. This is exemplified when Odysseus is trapped in the cave of the Cyclops, a giant one-eyed monster. The Cyclops puts a stone unmovable by Odysseus and his men in front of the entrance to the cave. While most men would have lost their composure, Odysseus remains calm and rational. He thinks of a brilliant way to escape the cave of the Cyclops in a time of tension. Odysseus, referring to an olive tree, says: â€Å"I hewed it again to make a stake with a pointed end.† He carves an olive tree into a stake as a weapon against the Cyclops. This also demonstrates Odysseus’ resourcefulness, which is another leadership quality. Odysseus comes up with a way to escape the cave with very little available. He hides under the bellies of sheep from the Cyclops as they leave to escape the cave. Odysseus’ resourcefulness helps him escape from the giant Cycl...

I Used to Live Here Once by Jean Rhys †Analysis Essay

To what lengths will someone ever remember their home and recognize the things they’ve once known? Stories have been used throughout the ages to not only create a tale that can cause to the reader great imagination and wonders, it is also common for them to hide several meanings and twists to the adventure. Through the portraits of her life, and the perils of her adventures, Jean Rhys’ has incorporated many of the paths of her life into the illustrations she had developed into short stories. These representation of her original life represent the strong and key points of her journey where she had felt abundances of emotions; many of which were transcribed into very short tales such as ‘I Use To Live Here Once’ where you may notice the precision on the details, the excess of description on the author’s view and imagination, as well as the direct correlation with herself. The following story entitled as mentioned, tells the tale of a woman returning back to a distant memory, and finds two mysterious figures that will enlighten her truth. Further opinions will be referred to as a base to the literal analysis of the story, in order to understand the feelings of the author. Jean Rhys’ includes a particular genre and writing style in this short story that is built around her personality, the author’s use of the ending helps to symbolize the connection with her life whilst using specific types of imagery and juxtaposition throughout the story. The story debuts on a quite simple scale with one description leading to another where each receive a thorough scan, to which we may notice several types of similes and metaphors used in order to express the themes and tones of the short story. The gradual increase of the ‘truth’ hidden at the end of the story can be understood as you proceed the reading through the use of these writing techniques; these reverses of ‘meaning’ give away odd particularities throughout the whole story: â€Å"She stopped and looked towards the house that had been added to and painted white. It was strange to see a car standing in front of it. (The New Windmill Book, 1994). In this passage we understand that the main character is familiar with the house to begin with and have noticed several changes, this sets a doubt to the reader where the question is raised on what is the relation between the main character and this house. There have been some interference in her writing due to personal problems work as considered by Castro (2000), these interruptions have caused Jean Rhys’ novels to be highly influenced by her perils, she had reached a period of hiatus in her writing life due to alcoholism and financial status. The story ‘I Used To Live Here Once’ has been written shortly after the author had gone back to Dominica to revisit her home to only find it burnt down and different to what she had once known. Being the only visit she had made back to her hometown, this has affected Jean Rhys’ view of her origin and roots. We understand throughout the story many of the correlation of the story with her life, as in one part where she describes the stepping-stones that the character in the story needed to step on to cross the river (The New Windmill Book, 1994, p. 57). By identifying her events and the ones in the story, we can create a relation between these stones and the several encounters with men that the author had. More relation can be made on the similarities between the main character of the story and Jean Rhys herself, such as the feeling of nostalgia shown throughout the entire narrative, especially when the woman in the story is describing the house and children by the tree. In one piece in the story, the heroin had characterized the sky as â€Å"Glassy†. We may confirm that there are some strong emphasis on this particular part of the story as the description of the sky given by the author releases information on the characters being in between two separate worlds (Brady, 2009); the implications stated behind that gap is her eventual situation as a ghost. Whilst the identification began when the explanation on the magnificent blue day was made, there is a notice on the exaggeration and contradictions between what the women in the story felt as it was immediately followed by the unusual illustration of the sky. Moreover, when identifying the nature of the other descriptions made in the story, this confirms the confrontation with the ‘glassy’ comment of the sky. This interpretation showed very strong emotions released by Jean Rhys as it may reflect some feelings of transparency and a lack of presence to the heroin even though she feels being physically present. Considering her involvement in the tale, many features in the story give up nformation on how does the story reflect on the personality of the author. For instance, by looking at the way she had described the environment surrounding the heroin in this story, we can connect through this some of the descriptions, which are majorly contained of effects of degradation and undetected figures, which have been noticed by the main character. These are several hints in connection to some of the traumas Jean Rhys had experienced in her life, as said by author Maren Linett (2005) â€Å"consider Rhys’s exploration of the dark subject of/in female masochism – not, as has been argued by some critics, as an individual psychological kink from which Rhys suffered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  these traumas has therefore raise more questions on Jean Rhys’ writing influence. Furthermore, her incorporation of the two kids in front of the house shows a lot on what and how the author thinks. As stated by herself in the biography, she finds the color black warm and gay whereas she finds the color white cold and sad (The New Windmill Book, 1994, p. 156) considering that she had lived in Dominica and that this story is taking place there, we can identify some forms of irony as she observes and desribes the skin of the children (Brady, 2009) as most of the Europeans who had been born in there had similar skin. Whilst reading the story once, the ending of the story generates a shock to the reader. There is some is some sort of a build up in this narrative, from one description to another, the descriptions that the woman makes creates images to which can imply on beauty of the day. This implies to the lecturer to reconsider the whole journey that the author had used to create symbolisms with her life. Considering the involvement of Jean Rhys’ life in the story, her point of view is revealed through the use of symbolism, to which readers can interpret the types of feelings that she is having in addition to the ones of the character in the story. From this, the sudden appearance of her death helps the reader understand the different implications of what the heroin felt, thus relaying to the connection with Jean Rhys life. As said by Myranda Grencinger (2012) the use of symbolism in this tale allows the emphasis on the ending, which had transported the theme of the narrative to the eyes of the reader; in addition, it had not only showed but also set the tone of the story. All in all, considering the author’s use of her writing style and techniques, genre and personality, we may conclude that the short story â€Å"I Used To Live Here Once† holds many secrets upon the feelings of the character. She had succeeded to include her particular techniques so that the reader can attempt to understand and reevaluate their view on a story. Whilst using specific types of imagery and juxtaposition throughout the story, Jean Rhys has been able to symbolize the connections with her life, thus showing more to the reader of the correlation between the woman and the author. However, none of these writings would create much sense and order to the story without the use of the ending revealing the true nature of the tale. Therefore, many understandings can be made on the life of the author through reading this narrative – but to which extent can an author always create portraits of their life in stories, and how clear these can be understand will eventually depend on the imagination, styles and adventures of writers such as Jean Rhys.

Essay about Discerning Truth from Falsehood - 910 Words

Paradise Lost and Tartuffe are similar works, both exploring the subjects of truth and falsehood. As such, Miltons Paradise Lost portrays the continuous battle between good and evil. In Paradise Lost, Eve falls from the safety of the prelapsarian state into the insecure, sinful postlapsarian world because she is unable to distinguish truth from falsehood. Likewise, Moli#232;res Tartuffe exemplifies the problem of hypocrisy. Tartuffe explores the concept of how easy it is to deceive another person, while displaying how hard it can be to distinguish the truth. Thus, these works are similar in that they strive to reveal the difficulties in determining truth from falsehood and the problems that result from being unsuccessful in this†¦show more content†¦Surely, her creator would have answered her prayers and saved her from Satans tempting words. Furthermore, Eve could have been less hasty in her actions, and she could have discussed the situation with Adam before eating the fruit. In fact, sometimes the best way to deal with a problem is to discuss the state of affairs with another person, such as a friend or family member. However, Eve fails to discuss her choices at hand with anyone. Thus, Eves failure to acquire further advice regarding her situation and her contentment with accepting the serpents word as the truth lead to her banishment. Similarly, Tartuffe reveals that it is sometimes hard to discern the truth and reveals the negative consequences that exist if truth is not distinguished successfully. Orgon is blinded by Tartuffes false piousness. In fact, Orgon is so blinded by the truth that he disinherits his own son, Damis, when he tries to tell Orgon that Tartuffe professed his love to Elmire. Orgon exclaims, Well, go quickly, then. / I disinherit you; an empty purse/ Is all youll get from me--except my curse! (III.xi.67-9). Orgon is too blind to the truth to even recognize it when Tartuffe tells him that he is a fraud: Yes Brother, Im a wicked man, I fear: / A wretched sinner, all depraved and twisted, / The greatest villain that has ever existed (III.xi.2-4). Ironically, Orgon is still willing to alienate his entire family, the ones who truly care for him, for theShow MoreRelatedThis Clavicula Of Arte Magical, Surpassing Modern Confused1532 Words   |  7 PagesThis Clavicula of Arte Magical, surpassin g modern confused pen-folds that contain nothing other than mere dedicatory offerings to mundane tapestries and xoanon, shall impart unto thee an understanding of Witchcraft, in truth, from the horse s mouth. 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